Music Composition Sheet Essay

When the new century rolled over, music was naturally late Romantic in style. Arrangers, for example, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss and Jean Sibelius were pushing the limits of Post-Romantic Symphonic composition. Simultaneously, the Impressionist development, drove by Claude Debussy, was being created in France. The term was really loathed by Debussy: â€Å"I am attempting to do ‘something differentâ€in a way realitiesâ€what the nitwits call ‘impressionism’ is a term which is as inadequately utilized as could reasonably be expected, especially by workmanship critics† â€and Maurice Ravel’s music, additionally regularly named with this term. Numerous arrangers responded to the Post-Romantic and Impressionist styles and moved in very various ways. The absolute most significant second in characterizing the course of music during the time was the far reaching break with conventional tonality, affected in various ways by various authors in the primary decade of the century. From this sprang an uncommon â€Å"linguistic plurality† of styles, strategies, and articulation. In Vienna, Arnold Schoenberg created atonality, out of the expressionism that emerged in the early piece of the twentieth century. He later built up the twelve-tone procedure which was grown further by his supporters Alban Berg and Anton Webern; later writers (counting Pierre Boulez) created it even further. Stravinsky (in his last works) investigated twelve-tone procedure, as well, as did numerous different authors; without a doubt, even Scott Bradley utilized the method in his scores for the Tom and Jerry kid's shows. After the First World War, numerous arrangers began coming back to the past for motivation and composed works that draw components (structure, concordance, song, structure) from it. This kind of music along these lines became marked neoclassicism. Igor Stravinsky (Pulcinella and Symphony of Psalms), Sergei Prokofiev (Classical Symphony), Ravel (Le tombeau de Couperin) and Paul Hindemith (Symphony: Mathis der Maler) all delivered neoclassical works. After World War 2, authors looked to accomplish more prominent degrees of control in music in their pieces (e. g. 12 tone method and later serialism). The twelve tone method is a strategy guaranteeing the utilization of every one of the 12 notes in the chromatic scale, this forestalled the lopsided accentuation on singular notes. During the 1940s and 50s authors, eminently Pierre Schaeffer, began to investigate the utilization of innovation to music in musique concrete (Dack 2002). The term Electroacoustic music was later instituted to incorporate all types of music including attractive tape, PCs, synthesizers, interactive media, and other electronic gadgets and procedures. From the mid 1950s onwards, Cage brought components of chance into his music. This has brought about different melodic strategies, for example, indeterminacy, aleatoric music, music, instinctive, and free ad lib. During the 1970s and onwards, new innovation was accessible and utilized in traditional music. This new innovation was tried different things with and extemporized that equivalent key characteristics of essential traditional music, yet had fresher and more extensive styles and strategies (e. g. 12 tone strategy). This part in segment An of the piece passes on a short rundown of assortment in the melodic ideas (bars 6-7). The distinctive influence movement all through this segment is because of its part recently Romanticism (mid 1900s). Sentimentalism was an enthusiastic and expressive timeframe where a wide range of societies, craftsmanship, design and music was affected by the economic wellbeing of this time. Music all in all was driven by this feeling and hardship that experienced at the time I. e the French upset. This feeling gave the authors substantially more articulation and assorted variety, with less convention and structure (an attribute of music of the traditional period). With this new contemporary traditional style of music, the thoughts and executions of past styles and periods affected the manner in which this music was played, I. e. the influence movement and scope of blended elements. In this segment is stating slurs are utilized to consolidate the notes to incorporate its song with being more ‘sway like’ giving it a legato movement. In the congruity a short piece of an arpeggio is played and graduated into an entire harmony completing the scale. This dreary movement of the concordance in the left hand has made a slight inquiry and answer between the tune and agreement in this area. This segment from area B of the piece is a variety of the initial segment, with included methods, elements, notes, and assortment to incorporate more articulation with the piece (bars 14-15). The statement of the writers of this timespan in post-1945 was appeared through the distress and lose faith in regards to World War II. Through the obliteration and war experienced by the authors right now, the adjustment in assortment and decent variety of pitch was negligible, however the inclination experienced were tremendous. These huge emotions depicted in the huge yield of elements and expressive procedures utilized in these contemporary traditional styles, and further built up this class of music. This segment utilizes broken harmonies in the concordance to fabricate the beat and surface from the segment A. while the tune is still likewise organized however additionally created in the utilization of notes esteems. This segment shows the change of segment B into the new segment C. In this progress the dynamic change progressively to fit the articulation and utilization of entire (group of three) harmonies in segment C. The utilization of the Crescendo into strong point, depicts a wide assortment in elements all through the piece (the past segments were piano and mezzo-piano, from above). Strong point in the following area passes on the composers’ tension and outrage in this season of war, and passes on to the responder through this wide scope of elements the feelings and misery individuals experienced during this time. This segment passes on the change between area C and segment D. Through this progress the elements change from a specialty (noisy) to a pianissimo (exceptionally delicate), these elements give the piece a more extensive territory as far as elements and pass on significantly more articulation to the responder. The tune anyway is comparable yet in a higher octave, this give the piece a succession and passes on the possibility of reiteration all through the piece. The thickness of segment D get more slender, as the amicability is decreased to one note played with longer note esteems, I. e. semibreves. Writers during this time of post-1945 utilized a wide range and assortment of elements to expressive themselves with the difficulties and hardships they experienced after the war. This assortment is striking in this piece as this area contains that branch from strength to pianissimo. All through this organization the thoughts, usage and attributes of contemporary old style music have been distinctive all through this sythesis. I accept the utilization of the six ideas have been different through this piece and have genuinely shown the sound and tone of contemporary traditional music. All through the piece, the elements have changed quickly and demonstrated an enormous assortment of articulation and feeling in the arrangement. The utilization of one instrument in the organization has indicated the crowd that the writers for Contemporary Classical music have freedom on bunches of instruments and thick thickness, as this doesn't pass on feeling as simple of slight thickness pieces. The structure of topic and variety, a typical structure utilized in contemporary old style, frequently used to fabricate and step by step reinforce the theme or harmony movement of the piece, this makes tension and different feelings to the audience members. The procedures utilized were very insignificant in any case, solid I. e. the legato, slurs, broken harmonies. The term of the notes and piece were very wide in run, and assorted in made a various of various varieties of the tune. The tone shade of the piece was enthusiastic in the method of being tragic, creepy, and dull yet glad as in the sound was advancing into something more splendid with a trace of murkiness. Generally this arrangement made for the ‘annual Young Composers Symposium’ has passed on the viewpoints and normal for Contemporary Classical music to the crowd, and has effectively shown the musicological setting of the style in building up the utilization of the 6 ideas in the sythesis.

How Does Iago Corrup Othello in Shakespear’s Othello Free Essays

At long last, the best way Iago harms Othello’s mind is by changing the presence of the real world. He will cover it up with falsehoods and Othello will be compelled to trust him since he will be excessively lowered in uncertainty and doubt to see reality. In act 3, scene 3, when Cassion parts from Desdemona, Iago causes it to show up as though Cassio â€Å"steal away so blameworthy like†(Shakespeare, act 3, scene 3) since he would not like to be seen with Desdemona. We will compose a custom article test on How Does Iago Corrup Othello in Shakespear’s Othello or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now While it shows up downright awful from Othello perspective, its truth is totally extraordinary. Cassio, who has been downgraded, wishes to recover his cooperative attitude with Othello with Desdemona’s help. Iago stunts Othello by causing him to accept that each apparently innocuous experience among Cassio and Desdemona are really lies and that they are seeing each other despite his good faith. To the perusers of the play it is very evident the idea of their experience however to Othello who decided with eyes obfuscated by desire, he can just observe the mischief being finished. Othello can't settle on a levelheaded choice since he is excessively somewhere down in franticness. Iago has harmed his psyche and destroyed his judgment. To additionally harm Othello’s mind, Iago will set up Cassio and Othello. In act 4, scene 1, while Othello is covered up in the shadows; Iago approaches Cassio and starts a discussion with him. Othello accepts the base of the discussion will be about his better half Desdemona on the grounds that it is the thing that Iago revealed to him he would do: cross examine Cassio about Desdemona. In any case, its truth is unique. Iago is really conversing with Cassio about Bianca. Othello is up to speed in the hallucination; he currently really accepts that Desdemona is unfaithful towards him. Envy mists one’s psyche. Othello in ready to see that Iago is playing him; he is excessively somewhere down in his own hallucinations to see that he is being utilized. Since Othello’s judgment is blurred, Iago can cause things to show up in an unexpected way. With his reasonable reasoning gone, Othello is unequipped for differencing reality from lies. The more he is poison, the more he debases. His discourse falls apart, he has epileptic assaults and blasted into rage. His activities are verification of his psychological state. He is unrest due to what Iago has caused him to accept, due to what Iago has made him see. In addition to the fact that Iago makes scenes show up in an unexpected way, he himself is a case of appearance versus reality. Trough out the eyes of different characters in the play, Iago shows up â€Å"full of affection and honesty†; Othello even says that â€Å"Iago is most honest†. In Criminal Types in Shakespeare, August Goll refers to: â€Å"Iago appears to each one as the sharp head, the man who knows the world and sees things plainly, who portrays things as he sees them without mincing issues the free-verbally expressed, fair companion intense and harsh: consequently they all look for him in their different troubles, Desdemona, Cassio, Emilia, Roderigo. (Goll, 218) Iago causes himself to show up intentioned to the sentiment of others. At the point when they are confronted with troubles he offers them advices. Othello seeks Iago for exhortation on the most proficient method to manage the circumstance he faces, he requests that he help him in his retaliation. Ia go genuine character is somebody who is egocentric, brimming with vindictiveness. He just considers himself. He doesn't assist the Moor with well meaning goal; he accepts that he cheated with his significant other and in this manner wishes to get his vengeance. He doesn't offer guidance to Cassio on the grounds that he feels obliged to support a companion; he does it to satisfy his arrangement. To finish up, Iago is one of Shakespeare most detestable lowlife. He made Othello fall into despair; he caused him to accept that Desdemona was unfaithful to him when it was only lies. He utilized numerous stunts to harm Othello’s mind, he turned into his companion with him and stunt him, and he retained data from him and caused things to show up in an unexpected way. With his boss acumen, he controlled Othello like a manikin. Controllers are among us. OK have the option to tell in the event that you were controlled? WORK CITED BROCK, James Harry Ernest, Iago some Shakespearean Villians, New York, AMS Press, 1973 COE, Charles Norton, Shakespeares’s Villains, New York, AMS Press, 1972 GOLL, August, Criminal Types in Shakespeare, New York, Haskell House, 1966 NAZARE-AGA, Isabelle, Les Manipulateurs sont parmis nous: Qui sont-ils? Remark s’en protã ©ger?, Montreal, Les Éditions de L’Homme, 1997 SHAKESPEARE, William, Othello, New York, Washington Square Press, 1993 WEILGART, Wolfgang J. Shakespeare Pschognostic: Character Evolution and Transformation, AMS Press, 1972 â€Å"Jalousie Illusoir†, 2010, http://www.worldlingo.com/mama/enwiki/fr/Delusional_jealousy, counseled on November ninth 2010 Step by step instructions to refer to How Does Iago Corrup Othello in Shakespear’s Othello, Papers

Biography of Psychologist Albert Ellis

Biography of Psychologist Albert Ellis More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Personal Life Career Contributions to Psychology Selected Publications Albert Ellis was an influential psychologist who developed rational emotive behavior therapy. He played a vital role in the cognitive revolution that took place in the field of psychotherapy and helped influence the rise of cognitive-behavioral approaches as a treatment approach. According to one survey of professional psychologists, Ellis was ranked as the second most influential psychotherapist behind Carl Rogers and just ahead of Sigmund Freud.   Albert Ellis is best known for:Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)Writings on human sexualityThe ABC ModelOne of the founders of cognitive behavior therapy Albert Ellis Personal Life Albert Ellis was born on September 27, 1913, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the oldest of three children. He would later describe his father as unaffectionate and his mother as emotionally distant. Since his parents were rarely around, he often found himself in the position of caring for his younger siblings. Ellis was often sick throughout his childhood. Between the ages of 5 and 7, he was reportedly hospitalized eight different times. One of these hospitalizations lasted about 10 months, during which time his parents rarely visited or offered comfort and support. While he was often known for his outspokenness and was even described as the Lenny Bruce of psychotherapy, Ellis recalled being quite shy when he was young. At 19, he set out to change his behavior and forced himself to speak to every woman he encountered at a park bench near his home. One month, he spoke to over 130 women and while only one agreed to go out with him and then she didnt show up for the date, he found that he had desensitized himself and was no longer afraid of speaking to women. He utilized the same approach to get over his fear of public speaking. His first and second marriages ended in annulment and divorce. His 37-year relationship with a director of the Albert Ellis Institute ended in 2002. In 2004, he married Australian psychologist Debbie Joffe. Ellis died July 24, 2007, following a long illness. Career After graduating high school, Ellis went on to earn a B.A. in Business from the City College of Downtown New York in 1934. He spent some time pursuing a business career, and later attempted a career as a fiction writer. After struggling with both, he decided to switch gears to study psychology and began his Ph.D. in clinical psychology at Columbia University in 1942. He earned his M.A. degree in clinical psychology in 1943 and his Ph.D. in 1947. After completing his degree, Ellis trained in psychoanalysis and initially practiced it, but he soon grew dissatisfied with what he saw as the weaknesses of the psychoanalytic methodâ€"its passivity and ineffectiveness. Influenced by the works of people such as Alfred Adler,?? Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan, Ellis began developing his own approach to psychotherapy. By 1956, he presented his approach that he then referred to as Rational Psychotherapy. This method stressed a more direct and active approach to treatment in which the therapist helped the client understand the underlying irrational beliefs that lead to emotional and psychological distress. Today, the method is known as rational emotive behavior therapy  or REBT.?? Ellis also wrote a great deal about human sexuality. He began seeing clients before he had even completed his Ph.D. At the time, there was no formal licensing of psychologists required in New York state. Ellis maintained a rigorous work schedule even up to the end of his life. He continued to work even in the face of multiple health problems, reportedly seeing as many as 70 patients a week in his late 80s and up to 10 patients a week in his last years. Contributions to Psychology While REBT is often described as an off-shoot of CBT, Elliss work was truly part of the cognitive revolution and he helped found and pioneer the cognitive-behavioral therapies. He is often described as one of the most eminent thinkers in the history of psychology. Ellis also authored more than 80 books, many of which became best-sellers.  Of his influence in the field of psychotherapy, Psychology Today suggested that No individualâ€"not even Freud himselfâ€"has had a greater impact on modern psychotherapy. Selected Publications by Albert Ellis Ellis. A. (1957). How To Live with a Neurotic. Oxford, England: Crown Publishers. Ellis, A. (1958). Sex Without Guilt. NY: Hillman. Ellis, A., Harper, R. (1961). A Guide to Rational Living. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Ellis, A., Greiger, R. (1977). Handbook of Rational-Emotive Therapy. NY: Springer Publishing Company. Ellis, A. (1985). Overcoming Resistance: Rational-Emotive Therapy With Difficult Clients. NY: Springer Publishing Company. Ellis, A., Tafrate, R. C. (1997). How to Control Your Anger Before It Controls You. Citadel Press. Ellis, A. (2003). Sex Without Guilt in the 21st Century. Barricade Books. Ellis, A., Abrams, M., Abrams, L. (2008). Personality Theories: Critical Perspectives. NY: Sage Press.

Advice From The The Iliad Essay - 1537 Words

Advice From The Greats From the time humans are able to start comprehending basic instruction, they will be ceaselessly bombarded with advice from everyone, from their parents and priest to a stranger on the bus. Ranging from â€Å"don’t run with scissors!† and â€Å"eat your vegetables!† to â€Å"if you love it let it go† people have been giving and receiving advice for centuries. In spite of the ever changing world, it seems that human struggle remains constant. Through these centuries of struggle, humanity has been fortunate enough to preserve advice and information through the literature of many of the great scholars that set the framework for modern philosophy. In great texts and novels dating back to as early as 725 BC in Homer’s The Iliad, readers are exposed to the trials and triumphs of the past, different perspectives on life, and leadership strategies. This paper will review many of these classic texts and draw out the powerful messages a nd life advice riddled throughout them. Although diverse in genre, time of publication, and message, all of these books teach readers how to live and lead their societies, or in some of them, how not to. Similar to the theme of this paper, in his novel On Justice Power and Human Nature, Thucydides asks readers to look into the past to not only analyze it, but learn from it. By studying and retelling the events of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides draws valuable life lessons from the bloody battlefields of war. He says himself on page 45, â€Å"warShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad, A Homeric Epic That Depicted The Age Of Heroes987 Words   |  4 Pages The Iliad, a Homeric epic that depicted the Age of Heroes in Archaic Greece. An age of giant, god-like, men, and a time of true heroism. The themes of the Iliad encompass a realm consisting of the principles of justice, vengeance, and honour in Achaean society. A monumental theme that Homer brought through the Iliad was the idea of Greek Shame culture, which Involved public praise and blame, to honor and shame one before others in one s society. The assemblies, called by the Achaean commandersRead MoreHonor And Glory By Homer1574 Words   |  7 Pagestakes the lives of many men. Honor and Glory are what define the hero in the epic poem, The Iliad, written by Homer. Throughout the Iliad, honor and glory is the motivation behind the characters, there are different ways to obtain honor and glory, and the different views of honor throughout the epic poem. The idea of honor and glory are essential to understanding the motivation behind the characters in the Iliad. Glory was gained by the heroic actions and deeds. The best opportunity to gain honor wasRead MoreHelpless Mothers: Ceres and Andromache981 Words   |  4 Pagesboth the Iliad and in Ceres and Proserpina is the role of women in Greek and Roman mythology. To read the history of Ancient Greece as it has been written for centuries is to enter a thoroughly male world (Blundell, 226). When it comes to a poem like the Iliad, this is even more particularly true as the reader enters a universe of war, where women are very much on the peripheral and the men are the dominant characters directly implied in the bulk of the action (Blundell, 47). The Iliad is a poemRead MoreThe Iliad, A Homeric Epic That Depicted The Age Of Heroes925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Iliad, a Homeric epic that depicted the age of heroes in Archaic Greece. An age of giant, god-like, men, and a time of true heroism . The themes of the Iliad encompass a realm consisting of the principles of justice, vengeance, and honour in Greek society. A monumental theme that Homer brought through the Iliad was the idea of Greek Shame culture, which Involved public praise and blame, to honor and shame one before others in one s society. The assemblies, called by the Achaean commanders, whereRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesexpected. Thetis tries to hide Achilles when he is being recruited by the Acheans, and also goes to Hephaestus to have him a new suit of armor made. Anticlea, the mother of Odysseus, literally worries herself to death when her son does not return home from the war. Odysseus and Achilles also feature a common relationship with their sons. In the afterlife, Odysseus questions his mother of the fates of his son and father (Odyssey 11.173). Only a few lines later Achilles asks the same question of OdysseusRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Iliad1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe Iliad is an ancient Greek epic that depicts the conflicts of the Trojan War. Throughout the story, many smaller arguments take place between the characters of the epic. Like all stories, The Iliad is filled with literary devices to allow the readers to garner a better understanding of the motivations of each character throughout encounters. Translators have to maintain the nuances of each situation while accounting for an unavoidable skewing from the original passage. In reality, this means thatRead MoreComparing The Iliad And The Odyssey905 Words   |  4 PagesThis short essay will identify five traditional epic characteristics that are evident in both the Iliad and the Odys sey. The first epic characteristic evident in both epics is catalogs and genealogies. For instance, Book VIII of the Odyssey features a list of participants in the game (115-125) and the Iliad Book II features a catalog of ships (484-759). Secondly, both epics start in media res. The Odyssey starts ten years after the Trojan War and the Illiad starts nine years after the start of theRead MoreSimilarities Between The And The Epic Of The Iliad1570 Words   |  7 Pagesof years that the epic story the Iliad has survived, which is credited to the famous Greek poet, Homer. In the 2004 film Troy, directed by Wolfgang Peterson, the plot resembles and is based from the epic poem, the Iliad. When the movie Troy was released, there was criticism on how even though the movie was based off of the Iliad, there were numerous differences from the Iliad itself. Even with its differences, the movie, Troy, does have many similarities to the Iliad. Even though there are numerousRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad 966 Words   |  4 PagesSome of the most memorable stories are recorded in Homer’s epic tale, The Iliad. With action packed battles, heroes and mighty gods, these tales that are so incredibly detailed that the read er can picture the battles like they were happening right in front of them. The Iliad’s legends are so infamous that even after hundreds of years they are still being told in the 21st century. Between the fighting and the glory however, there are scenes with the hero’s wives and families pleading with their lovedRead MoreRoles And Influences Of The Gods In The Iliad1180 Words   |  5 PagesGods and Goddess are present in several mythological stories that have transcended through time. Particularly in The Iliad, which dates back to approximately 750 B.C., written by the Greek poet Homer. The Iliad possess several characteristics of divine powers interference with issues of the mortals. The opening of the epic poem is set during the ninth year of the Trojan War, as the Achaeans raid a Trojan town with it comes the apprehension of Chryseis and Briseis. Agamemnon, Greek warrior and king

Adhd and Piagets Theories - 983 Words

PART ONE What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? ADHD is a behavioral disorder that is neurodevelopmental in origin—meaning it is caused by a biological problem with the brain functions that control emotions and learning (Low Birthweight in Newborns). Symptoms of this disorder range from mild to severe, and not all children will have the same symptoms. Although no main source is known to cause this disorder, doctors and researchers believe that ADHD symptoms are linked to neurodevelopmental problems (Low Birth Weight in Newborns). Studies are being done to conclude other possible causes, including low birth weight. Low birth weight is a term used to describe babies who are born weighing less than three pounds, four ounces,†¦show more content†¦During this stage, the child can engage in symbolic play, and have developed an imagination. This child may use an object to represent something else, such pretending that a broom is a horse. An important feature a child displ ays during this stage is egocentrism. This refers to the child’s inability to see a situation from another person’s point of view. To test whether or not children are egocentric, Piaget used the ‘Three Mountain Task’. Piaget concluded that the four-year olds thinking was egocentric, as the seven year olds was not. Children, at this stage, do not understand more complex concepts such as cause and effect, time, and comparison. The third stage is the Concrete Operational Stage, which occurs around age seven to age eleven. This stage marks the beginning of logical or operational thoughts for the child. Their thinking becomes less egocentric, and the child can now understand that although the appearance of something changes, the â€Å"thing† itself does not. For example, if a child decided to spread out a pile of blocks, they know there are still as many blocks as there were before, even though it looks different. The last stage of Piaget’s cog nitive development is known as the Formal Operational Stage, which occurs between the ages of eleven and sixteen. Adolescents have now gained the ability to think in an abstract matter, and can now understand things such as science and algebra. The most distinct difference between theShow MoreRelatedComprehensive Analysis of Case Study751 Words   |  4 Pagesthat he has had a supportive household including mother and aunt. Doctors have suspected that Jeremiah may have a touch of ADD/ADHD. ADD/ADHD has a strong genetic component, therefore it is hard to say that one single event in Jeremiah’s life caused him to have ADD/ADHD. There is some research based on the fact that babies with low birth weight may have increased risk of ADHD. The same is true for children who have had head injuries, particularly an injury to the frontal lobe. 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State Requirements for Parenting Plans Free Essays

State Requirements for Parenting Plans Carol Schelling PA415-01: Family Law Divorce Mediation Kaplan University State Requirements for Parenting Plans | |Carol Schelling | Memo To:Prof. H. From:Carol Schelling Date:12/20/2011 Re:Pennsylvania Parenting Plans Parenting Plans are very important. We will write a custom essay sample on State Requirements for Parenting Plans or any similar topic only for you Order Now They outline the responsibilities of the parents and clarify what is in the best interest of the child. Pennsylvania does not require a parenting plan according to 23 Pa. C. S. A. Section 5331. In Pennsylvania, it also depends on the county in which you live. For example: In Washington County, Pennsylvania they require parenting plans for contested custody cases. However, in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania they do not require parenting plans. My Day in Court When I went to gain more rights to my daughter, Christal; I first filed a Modification with the Court of Common Pleas. The reason I had to do this was there was already an Order of the Court already in place. In Pennsylvania, you are required to go to a â€Å"Parents Forever† Seminar. This is a four hour seminar that teaches parents how to co-parent. When I was done, I had to provide the Court with the certification of my completion. If I did not complete this requirement, I would have been held in contempt. After I showed the Court that I completed the seminar, I then had to go to custody conferences. They represent mediation. In the custody conferences, my ex-husband and I had to work out a parenting plan. When we agreed to the context of the agreement, we both received copies. After a couple of months, we then had to go to a custody conference and the conference officer reviewed the past months. When there was an issue, like when my ex-husband refused me visitation with Christal, she would help us come up with another parenting plan that worked better. After our first custody conference, I was awarded an extra day (Friday-Monday) to take my daughter to doctor and dentist appointments. At the time, she weighed only 48lbs at the age of 8! After our second conference, I was awarded another day. This time my visitation was from Friday- Tuesdays. I would then take her to school and drop her off. I asked for this, since I could not make all of her appointments on Mondays. In June of 2007, we agreed to every other week. This worked out well, since it was years since I got to spend a week with her. I also, had all week to take my daughter to appointments. She was also involved in therapy, since I had requested that in our first custody conference. She was regressing to the point that we had to put her back in pull-ups and start the potty training all over. She was also on the Binky, (aka: Pacifier), as well. In August, my ex had told the courts he would be out of state. Knowing this, the court allowed a telephone conference, so he could be present. He did not call at the required time. I had told the conference officer that Christal had stated that he was at his home and that they should call him, which they did. When he answered, the conference officer had told him that this was not allowed and that he had lied to the courts. As a punishment, the every other week stood. I then requested for a hearing, since I did not want to lose this time that I got to spend with Christal. Her father was trying to take it back to an every other weekend. Our hearing occurred in February of 2008. At this hearing, I provided letters that my ex had written, school documents, and witness testimony. My ex’s mother and girlfriend would not testify. Our Judge had told them that they were not asked. If they wanted to be a part of Christal’s life, they needed to testify. Christal was also spoken to by the judge on camera (judge’s chambers). Since there were so many issues with my ex’s side, our case went for a continuance. On Mother’s Day of the same year, we had our next hearing. In this hearing, my daughter’s therapist, ex-mother-in-law, ex-husband’s girlfriend all testified. Right before the end of our hearing, I had asked if I could rebut the first hearing. I had explained all the issues that I had encountered between the hearings. I was happy to find out that on my birthday, which is June 5, that I gained full-custody of my angel and that my ex cannot gain custody of her again. The courts took his every Wednesdays and his vacation during the summer away due to negligence. I lost my daughter in 2002, due to me not knowing what to expect going pro se and not having money. I gained her back due to my hard work and dedication to my daughter’s best interests and well-being. I included this in my memo, for the simple fact that not all cases are black and white. The law itself has a lot of gray areas. What one county requires, another does not. Same thing goes with states. You cannot be ignorant about the law. Pennsylvania My state does not require parenting plans, but they are implemented within the court process when filing for custody, modification of an order, and contempt of court order as expressed in my own case stated above. New Hampshire To file for parental rights or to modify an order, such as a divorce, legal separation, or parenting petition, you must include a parenting plan. In Rules of the Circuit Court of the State of New Hampshire-Family Division, Section2-Domestic Relations, 2. 8 Parenting Plans shows you what is required within your parenting plan, and the order of the contents. My Thoughts I like how New Hampshire requires the parenting plan, because it saves money and court time as well. References Child Custody Act, 23 Pa. C. S. A  § 5331 NH Court Rules, Rules of the Family Division of the State of NH, Section 2-Domestic Relations, Rule 2. 18 Bertin, M. (F ebruary 8, 2011). New Child Custody Act Ushers in Sweeping Changes. Obermayer Rebmann Maxwell Hippel LLP Attorneys At Law Retrieved on December 15, 2011 from www. obermayer. com/publications. php? action=viewsid=200 How to cite State Requirements for Parenting Plans, Papers

The American Revolution Essays (153 words) -

The American Revolution The American War was fought from 1776 to 1778 but the Revolution occurred much before the war. John Adams best described the revolution when he said: But what do we mean by the American Revolution? Do we mean the American war? The Revolution was effected before the war commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people...This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the people, was the real American Revolution. Thus, The American Revolution was fought to sustain a economic, political and social order. In order to understand what The American Revolution was, we must first look at some of the preexisting conditions of the colonies. The economy of Colonial America were divided into three distinct parts: New England, an area where the economy was predominately commerce; the South, an area where cash crops were the major economic order; and the middle colonies, a region that was a mix of both.